Scenarios and models including NFF can play a powerful role of designing solutions for transformative change through a holistic and transdisciplinary approach and coupling multiple models to describe various indirect drivers at local scale.
We need to develop integrated scenarios and models which can capture different value systems including indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) through participatory approach.
Mismatch (misfit) of spatial scales, values, institutions, and supply–demand of ecosystem services need to be considered to design effective solutions.
Harmonize and maximize various efforts and solutions for biodiversity, climate change and sustainable production and consumption (circular economy).
Natural/green infrastructure as a nature-based solution can be used as an alternative to technical infrastructure and shows the importance of bottom-up collaboration involving local community or network governance with non-governmental organizations or multiple stakeholders as building blocks of social and human infrastructures.